1 00:00:12,639 --> 00:00:14,870 every year millions of visitors come to 2 00:00:14,870 --> 00:00:14,880 every year millions of visitors come to 3 00:00:14,880 --> 00:00:16,950 every year millions of visitors come to washington dc to tour the national 4 00:00:16,950 --> 00:00:16,960 washington dc to tour the national 5 00:00:16,960 --> 00:00:18,150 washington dc to tour the national archives 6 00:00:18,150 --> 00:00:18,160 archives 7 00:00:18,160 --> 00:00:20,150 archives the nation's largest storehouse of 8 00:00:20,150 --> 00:00:20,160 the nation's largest storehouse of 9 00:00:20,160 --> 00:00:22,390 the nation's largest storehouse of historic documents 10 00:00:22,390 --> 00:00:22,400 historic documents 11 00:00:22,400 --> 00:00:24,870 historic documents this year marks the constitution's 200th 12 00:00:24,870 --> 00:00:24,880 this year marks the constitution's 200th 13 00:00:24,880 --> 00:00:26,870 this year marks the constitution's 200th anniversary and to help monitor the 14 00:00:26,870 --> 00:00:26,880 anniversary and to help monitor the 15 00:00:26,880 --> 00:00:29,029 anniversary and to help monitor the aging process of this document and 16 00:00:29,029 --> 00:00:29,039 aging process of this document and 17 00:00:29,039 --> 00:00:30,630 aging process of this document and others like the declaration of 18 00:00:30,630 --> 00:00:30,640 others like the declaration of 19 00:00:30,640 --> 00:00:32,790 others like the declaration of independence and the bill of rights the 20 00:00:32,790 --> 00:00:32,800 independence and the bill of rights the 21 00:00:32,800 --> 00:00:34,790 independence and the bill of rights the national archives recently installed a 22 00:00:34,790 --> 00:00:34,800 national archives recently installed a 23 00:00:34,800 --> 00:00:37,350 national archives recently installed a space-age camera designed by nasa's jet 24 00:00:37,350 --> 00:00:37,360 space-age camera designed by nasa's jet 25 00:00:37,360 --> 00:00:39,270 space-age camera designed by nasa's jet propulsion laboratory in pasadena 26 00:00:39,270 --> 00:00:39,280 propulsion laboratory in pasadena 27 00:00:39,280 --> 00:00:42,950 propulsion laboratory in pasadena california the national archives came to 28 00:00:42,950 --> 00:00:42,960 california the national archives came to 29 00:00:42,960 --> 00:00:44,950 california the national archives came to nasa 30 00:00:44,950 --> 00:00:44,960 nasa 31 00:00:44,960 --> 00:00:46,790 nasa with the request for the for nasa to 32 00:00:46,790 --> 00:00:46,800 with the request for the for nasa to 33 00:00:46,800 --> 00:00:48,389 with the request for the for nasa to take a look at what kind of technology 34 00:00:48,389 --> 00:00:48,399 take a look at what kind of technology 35 00:00:48,399 --> 00:00:50,869 take a look at what kind of technology could possibly be used to provide a 36 00:00:50,869 --> 00:00:50,879 could possibly be used to provide a 37 00:00:50,879 --> 00:00:53,430 could possibly be used to provide a long-term monitoring system that would 38 00:00:53,430 --> 00:00:53,440 long-term monitoring system that would 39 00:00:53,440 --> 00:00:54,709 long-term monitoring system that would allow them to 40 00:00:54,709 --> 00:00:54,719 allow them to 41 00:00:54,719 --> 00:00:56,790 allow them to have baseline information 42 00:00:56,790 --> 00:00:56,800 have baseline information 43 00:00:56,800 --> 00:00:58,470 have baseline information that was taken at the beginning of the 44 00:00:58,470 --> 00:00:58,480 that was taken at the beginning of the 45 00:00:58,480 --> 00:01:00,229 that was taken at the beginning of the monitoring period and then to be able to 46 00:01:00,229 --> 00:01:00,239 monitoring period and then to be able to 47 00:01:00,239 --> 00:01:02,709 monitoring period and then to be able to follow in a very detailed fashion 48 00:01:02,709 --> 00:01:02,719 follow in a very detailed fashion 49 00:01:02,719 --> 00:01:03,510 follow in a very detailed fashion the 50 00:01:03,510 --> 00:01:03,520 the 51 00:01:03,520 --> 00:01:05,910 the fate of the documents over the next 50 52 00:01:05,910 --> 00:01:05,920 fate of the documents over the next 50 53 00:01:05,920 --> 00:01:09,190 fate of the documents over the next 50 to 100 years 54 00:01:09,190 --> 00:01:09,200 55 00:01:09,200 --> 00:01:11,590 chris stevens team led by ed miller 56 00:01:11,590 --> 00:01:11,600 chris stevens team led by ed miller 57 00:01:11,600 --> 00:01:13,750 chris stevens team led by ed miller designed the national archives camera 58 00:01:13,750 --> 00:01:13,760 designed the national archives camera 59 00:01:13,760 --> 00:01:16,149 designed the national archives camera adapting technology normally used for 60 00:01:16,149 --> 00:01:16,159 adapting technology normally used for 61 00:01:16,159 --> 00:01:17,990 adapting technology normally used for deep space missions 62 00:01:17,990 --> 00:01:18,000 deep space missions 63 00:01:18,000 --> 00:01:19,990 deep space missions the camera images the documents by 64 00:01:19,990 --> 00:01:20,000 the camera images the documents by 65 00:01:20,000 --> 00:01:22,469 the camera images the documents by scanning under green light a handful of 66 00:01:22,469 --> 00:01:22,479 scanning under green light a handful of 67 00:01:22,479 --> 00:01:25,830 scanning under green light a handful of pre-designated postage stamp size areas 68 00:01:25,830 --> 00:01:25,840 pre-designated postage stamp size areas 69 00:01:25,840 --> 00:01:28,149 pre-designated postage stamp size areas in this case a practice target is used 70 00:01:28,149 --> 00:01:28,159 in this case a practice target is used 71 00:01:28,159 --> 00:01:29,910 in this case a practice target is used instead of a real document 72 00:01:29,910 --> 00:01:29,920 instead of a real document 73 00:01:29,920 --> 00:01:31,670 instead of a real document during each pass of the scanner a 74 00:01:31,670 --> 00:01:31,680 during each pass of the scanner a 75 00:01:31,680 --> 00:01:33,749 during each pass of the scanner a million bits of digital information are 76 00:01:33,749 --> 00:01:33,759 million bits of digital information are 77 00:01:33,759 --> 00:01:34,870 million bits of digital information are collected 78 00:01:34,870 --> 00:01:34,880 collected 79 00:01:34,880 --> 00:01:36,789 collected the system has the capability of going 80 00:01:36,789 --> 00:01:36,799 the system has the capability of going 81 00:01:36,799 --> 00:01:39,510 the system has the capability of going back year by year to the exact same spot 82 00:01:39,510 --> 00:01:39,520 back year by year to the exact same spot 83 00:01:39,520 --> 00:01:41,429 back year by year to the exact same spot in order to make comparative studies of 84 00:01:41,429 --> 00:01:41,439 in order to make comparative studies of 85 00:01:41,439 --> 00:01:45,510 in order to make comparative studies of the condition of the documents 86 00:01:45,510 --> 00:01:45,520 87 00:01:45,520 --> 00:01:47,830 in addition a whole variety of image 88 00:01:47,830 --> 00:01:47,840 in addition a whole variety of image 89 00:01:47,840 --> 00:01:50,469 in addition a whole variety of image processing techniques can be used 90 00:01:50,469 --> 00:01:50,479 processing techniques can be used 91 00:01:50,479 --> 00:01:52,230 processing techniques can be used in the case of the first two letters in 92 00:01:52,230 --> 00:01:52,240 in the case of the first two letters in 93 00:01:52,240 --> 00:01:55,830 in the case of the first two letters in the constitution the w and e of we the 94 00:01:55,830 --> 00:01:55,840 the constitution the w and e of we the 95 00:01:55,840 --> 00:01:56,710 the constitution the w and e of we the people 96 00:01:56,710 --> 00:01:56,720 people 97 00:01:56,720 --> 00:01:58,709 people the black and white image can be color 98 00:01:58,709 --> 00:01:58,719 the black and white image can be color 99 00:01:58,719 --> 00:02:01,830 the black and white image can be color enhanced to more easily see areas where 100 00:02:01,830 --> 00:02:01,840 enhanced to more easily see areas where 101 00:02:01,840 --> 00:02:04,310 enhanced to more easily see areas where ink has flaked off the parchment 102 00:02:04,310 --> 00:02:04,320 ink has flaked off the parchment 103 00:02:04,320 --> 00:02:05,830 ink has flaked off the parchment there are other needs for the system 104 00:02:05,830 --> 00:02:05,840 there are other needs for the system 105 00:02:05,840 --> 00:02:07,510 there are other needs for the system according to norvel jones of the 106 00:02:07,510 --> 00:02:07,520 according to norvel jones of the 107 00:02:07,520 --> 00:02:10,710 according to norvel jones of the national archives preservation 108 00:02:10,710 --> 00:02:10,720 national archives preservation 109 00:02:10,720 --> 00:02:12,470 national archives preservation we have concern that 110 00:02:12,470 --> 00:02:12,480 we have concern that 111 00:02:12,480 --> 00:02:14,550 we have concern that changes do happen when documents are 112 00:02:14,550 --> 00:02:14,560 changes do happen when documents are 113 00:02:14,560 --> 00:02:17,110 changes do happen when documents are exhibited there can be fading or changes 114 00:02:17,110 --> 00:02:17,120 exhibited there can be fading or changes 115 00:02:17,120 --> 00:02:19,670 exhibited there can be fading or changes in contrast or paper can darken 116 00:02:19,670 --> 00:02:19,680 in contrast or paper can darken 117 00:02:19,680 --> 00:02:21,110 in contrast or paper can darken and by 118 00:02:21,110 --> 00:02:21,120 and by 119 00:02:21,120 --> 00:02:23,270 and by getting a baseline reading before an 120 00:02:23,270 --> 00:02:23,280 getting a baseline reading before an 121 00:02:23,280 --> 00:02:25,350 getting a baseline reading before an item goes on exhibit and then monitoring 122 00:02:25,350 --> 00:02:25,360 item goes on exhibit and then monitoring 123 00:02:25,360 --> 00:02:28,309 item goes on exhibit and then monitoring it after exhibit and keeping records on 124 00:02:28,309 --> 00:02:28,319 it after exhibit and keeping records on 125 00:02:28,319 --> 00:02:30,309 it after exhibit and keeping records on items that are frequently requested that 126 00:02:30,309 --> 00:02:30,319 items that are frequently requested that 127 00:02:30,319 --> 00:02:32,070 items that are frequently requested that we'd be able to 128 00:02:32,070 --> 00:02:32,080 we'd be able to 129 00:02:32,080 --> 00:02:34,309 we'd be able to tell changes that were occurring before 130 00:02:34,309 --> 00:02:34,319 tell changes that were occurring before 131 00:02:34,319 --> 00:02:37,509 tell changes that were occurring before any serious damage it happened 132 00:02:37,509 --> 00:02:37,519 any serious damage it happened 133 00:02:37,519 --> 00:02:39,430 any serious damage it happened the monitoring system can also be a 134 00:02:39,430 --> 00:02:39,440 the monitoring system can also be a 135 00:02:39,440 --> 00:02:41,670 the monitoring system can also be a valuable tool for determining what type 136 00:02:41,670 --> 00:02:41,680 valuable tool for determining what type 137 00:02:41,680 --> 00:02:44,229 valuable tool for determining what type of active measures to take in order to 138 00:02:44,229 --> 00:02:44,239 of active measures to take in order to 139 00:02:44,239 --> 00:02:46,470 of active measures to take in order to save and stabilize a document or piece 140 00:02:46,470 --> 00:02:46,480 save and stabilize a document or piece 141 00:02:46,480 --> 00:02:48,390 save and stabilize a document or piece of artwork 142 00:02:48,390 --> 00:02:48,400 of artwork 143 00:02:48,400 --> 00:02:50,309 of artwork the imaging system represents a 144 00:02:50,309 --> 00:02:50,319 the imaging system represents a 145 00:02:50,319 --> 00:02:52,229 the imaging system represents a down-to-earth use of technology 146 00:02:52,229 --> 00:02:52,239 down-to-earth use of technology 147 00:02:52,239 --> 00:02:54,390 down-to-earth use of technology developed over the years for outer space 148 00:02:54,390 --> 00:02:54,400 developed over the years for outer space 149 00:02:54,400 --> 00:02:56,869 developed over the years for outer space probes like voyager which used it to 150 00:02:56,869 --> 00:02:56,879 probes like voyager which used it to 151 00:02:56,879 --> 00:02:58,630 probes like voyager which used it to capture incredible pictures of our 152 00:02:58,630 --> 00:02:58,640 capture incredible pictures of our 153 00:02:58,640 --> 00:03:01,589 capture incredible pictures of our nearby planets norvel jones sums up 154 00:03:01,589 --> 00:03:01,599 nearby planets norvel jones sums up 155 00:03:01,599 --> 00:03:04,470 nearby planets norvel jones sums up nasa's link with the past at the time 156 00:03:04,470 --> 00:03:04,480 nasa's link with the past at the time 157 00:03:04,480 --> 00:03:06,630 nasa's link with the past at the time that the constitution was created 158 00:03:06,630 --> 00:03:06,640 that the constitution was created 159 00:03:06,640 --> 00:03:08,550 that the constitution was created pen and ink on parchment was about the 160 00:03:08,550 --> 00:03:08,560 pen and ink on parchment was about the 161 00:03:08,560 --> 00:03:11,910 pen and ink on parchment was about the most permanent and best that you can do 162 00:03:11,910 --> 00:03:11,920 most permanent and best that you can do 163 00:03:11,920 --> 00:03:13,990 most permanent and best that you can do and i think now in 164 00:03:13,990 --> 00:03:14,000 and i think now in 165 00:03:14,000 --> 00:03:16,309 and i think now in honor of the 200th anniversary of the 166 00:03:16,309 --> 00:03:16,319 honor of the 200th anniversary of the 167 00:03:16,319 --> 00:03:18,869 honor of the 200th anniversary of the constitution were able to use what is i 168 00:03:18,869 --> 00:03:18,879 constitution were able to use what is i 169 00:03:18,879 --> 00:03:20,550 constitution were able to use what is i think now the best that you can do in 170 00:03:20,550 --> 00:03:20,560 think now the best that you can do in 171 00:03:20,560 --> 00:03:21,589 think now the best that you can do in terms of 172 00:03:21,589 --> 00:03:21,599 terms of 173 00:03:21,599 --> 00:03:23,750 terms of uh wrapping up new technology in order 174 00:03:23,750 --> 00:03:23,760 uh wrapping up new technology in order 175 00:03:23,760 --> 00:03:26,470 uh wrapping up new technology in order to be able to assure that the documents 176 00:03:26,470 --> 00:03:26,480 to be able to assure that the documents 177 00:03:26,480 --> 00:03:29,430 to be able to assure that the documents last not only 200 years longer but 2 000 178 00:03:29,430 --> 00:03:29,440 last not only 200 years longer but 2 000 179 00:03:29,440 --> 00:03:33,640 last not only 200 years longer but 2 000 years as long as we can imagine